Economic and Social Development in Post-Independence Jamaica and Barbados Essay Example for Free

Financial and Social Development in Post-Independence Jamaica and Barbados Essay Jamaica and Barbados have socially and financially progressed since their freedoms. Every nation has had the option to financially continue itself without the help of Britain, which used to oversee the two as regions. In any case, notwithstanding the two countries’ self-guideline and dependence, both of the countries are very poor, and are viewed as underdeveloped nations. Jamaican and Barbadian History Both of the two countries were initially colonized by Great Britain (in the wake of being found by the Spanish) under the mercantilism strategy, which empowered European colonization of different territories. This was on the grounds that the approach demonstrated that a nation’s success could be dictated by its ampleness in exchange, and fares were undeniably more significant than imports under the arrangement. So European countries that couldn't deliver specific items all alone would colonize different regions that could, so they could utilize the merchandise, and fare them to different countries that didn't have the way to get those specific products all alone. Such huge numbers of the Caribbean islands that Britain colonized were abused in light of their warm atmospheres, which permitted them to develop certain harvests, for example, sugar. This yield was one of the principle reasons that Britain had colonized such regions as Jamaica and Barbados. Jamaica’s Independence and its Economic Enterprises Thereafter It was in 1962 that the United Kingdom’s parliament conceded Jamaica its autonomy, after which the country stopped to be controlled by its European originator. After its freedom, the Jamaican government emerged, and started supporting business openings, however numerous occupations emerged in the private segment. Sugar and bananas were the first harvests developed in Jamaica, and traded to areas around the world, and the development of these yields fills in as a significant wellspring of work on the island. The nation’s tropical atmosphere makes it a reasonable area for the developing of these harvests, which can't be developed in the United States or Europe, so a portion of the sugar and bananas in those zones originate from Jamaica. Jamaican Exports and Recent Economic Problems Jamaica additionally has a characteristic flexibly of bauxite, which is a wellspring of aluminum metal, and is along these lines an important item, which utilizes numerous individuals as diggers. Be that as it may, as of late, the financial status of the island has been declining. Times of negative climate have prompted a sharp abatement in the creation of sugar stick and bananas throughout the most recent decade, and swelling has been tormenting the island. The ongoing absence of good rural action has been extraordinary to such an extent that the country has been compelled to import items that, if conditions were better, Jamaica could deliver itself. In any case, of late, espresso has been another gainful yield that can be developed around the island’s blue mountains zone, when sugar and bananas can't, and it fills in as an essential fare, and wellspring of national salary. Different Industries in Jamaica likewise has an industry worried about the raising of local creatures, and a dairy industry. However, that has additionally been declining, and the country has really been bringing in milk, spread, and cheddar from somewhere else. Other littler money harvests of the island incorporate citrus organic products, for example, oranges, and cocoa, yet the enterprises worried about those yields are significantly littler than that of the sugar area. Mining utilizes few residents, as does angling, and foresting, as lumberjacks can trade timber to nations that don't approach the equivalent tropical woods. Additionally in Jamaica is the assembling business, which as a rule represents just shy of 20% of the nation’s GDP every year. The travel industry has additionally end up being a productive market for the country, and it fills in as a social and financial lift for the country, however since the turn of the century, the travel industry has been more slow in Jamaica. Barbados’ Independence and Its Trade History Barbados accomplished its autonomy from the United Kingdom in 1966, after which the country started overseeing and managing itself. Since that time, sugar stick has end up being the best commitment to the nation’s business, and it fills in as Barbados’ most huge fare. In 1961, five years before the country’s autonomy from incredible Britain, Barbados opened the Deep Water Harbor port, situated in Bridgetown, which fills in as the nation’s fundamental port, and permits huge compartment boats and tankers to send out sugar and made items Barbados’ Manufacturing Sector Although sugar was for quite a while the principle wellspring of pay for the country, as of late, assembling and the travel industry has been expanding in Barbados. The assembling area started during the 1980s, and kept on being a gainful interest in the nation into the 1990s, as specific organizations misused the nation’s modest work to get a good deal on assembling in the United States and Europe. The United States has end up being the principle exchange accomplice of Barbados, which likewise depends on specific imports from the United States. â€Å"The United States remained Barbados driving exchange accomplice 1987 with exchanges esteemed at $189 million ($128 million in U. S. trades and $61 million in U. S. imports),† an article for Business America, entitled Barbados: economy depends on U. S. for items, speculation Business Outlook Abroad revealed of the exchange status 1988. â€Å"Moreover, Barbados kept on inviting American interest in basically all areas of the economy. Notwithstanding immediate speculators, as of late Barbados has pulled in a sizable number of American hostage safety net providers, universal business organizations, and outside deals partnerships generally through a two-sided twofold tax assessment understanding. This implies at a prior time, the economy of the country was settled by outside speculations, and fares that served to save exchange relations between the United States and Barbados. Exchange Alliances and Foreign Investments And with Barbados’ great terms with the United States came the travel industry. American, Canadian, and European vacationers furnish the country with a steady the travel industry that fills in as a primary wellspring of pay on the country. Remote premiums in the country that prompted the travel industry was fairly an atypical occasion for a Caribbean nation, as most countries in the region have not had the option to profit by the business, or draw in outside financial specialists in its business sectors as Barbados did. Significant the travel industry ventures, for example, resorts and journey undertakings keep on profiting the nation’s the travel industry, and fulfilled sightseers keep the business alive. Administrative and Private Programs in Barbados Recently, government-controlled endeavors in the country have been transforming into privatized companies. The legislature of the country isn't happy with the high joblessness rate, so it is attempting to urge private ventures to shape, and balance out themselves, since this should prompt the formation of employments. In any case, of late, broadly supported projects, for example, seaward financial endeavors, and outside trade balance by Barbados have end up being compelling methods of acquiring the country capital. Most assembling and sugar stick creation, in any case, is done in the private part, and isn't governmentally managed. This permits independent companies and ranchers to have stable job, and the consistent creation of harvests permits the country to send out the yields, yet use them itself, which diminishes Barbados’ dependence on imports from different countries. Both Jamaica and Barbados have had the option to keep up themselves somewhat, monetarily and socially since their freedoms from Britain. The advancement of Jamaica, be that as it may, was significantly more average for a West Indian country than was the improvement of Barbados, since Jamaica couldn't draw remote financial specialists and set up especially planned exchange designs as was Barbados. In this viewpoint, Barbados was substantially more fruitful than were most West Indian countries, as it had the option to keep up sends out in any event, when financial occasions were troublesome. The Jamaican economy has been encountering a bigger number of issues than that of Barbados, and expansion in Jamaica is causing significant issues. Barbados, notwithstanding, in contrast to most Caribbean countries, has had the option to bounce back, and it has a high pace of the travel industry, which furnishes the country with a consistent pace of outside salary.

Memory Keepers Daughter Literary Analysis Essay

Kim Edwards appears through the entire book that we are just human, the topics that life is outside our ability to control and through the association among misery and euphoria. Edwards utilizes plot to set up a kind of life plan. It goes all together into the future however at times skips a very long time ahead. She likewise shrewdly sets the book up with the goal that every year, or â€Å"chapter† has the two sides of the story, that of Caroline who is raising Phoebe and afterward the life of Norah and David bringing up their child Paul. As the book begins it is that of a cheerful tone with Norah conceiving an offspring and afterward prompting a discouraging and despairing tone as Dr. Henry misleads his better half disclosing to her that their little girl has kicked the bucket, to spare her from the torment of their girl having down disorder. Norah acquires and more discouragement as the years go on, continually pondering â€Å"what if†. With all the downturn going on in the story line of Norah there is an increase of solidarity in Caroline’s story line as she raises Phoebe. This shows the topic of anguish and delight. The possibility that despite the fact that the character is enduring they are the one with the most bliss. Norah Henry has everything: the specialist spouse, cash and a sound child yet at the same time needs what she never had; her girl. Caroline has battled with from the start the choice to keep Phoebe and raise her as her own, at that point battling with really raising this child young lady with down condition alone and with nobody, yet she is euphoric in the book never having the downturn that plagues Norah and her marriage with David Henry. At the point when Caroline at last observes David 18 years after the fact, she says: â€Å"You missed a great deal of despair, sure. In any case, David, you missed a ton of joy†. In the topic that life is outside our ability to control the writer Kim Edwards has the book travel during that time quickly and at a quick pace so as to exhibit how life flys by. All through the book Edwards utilizes photography as a representation indicating the character David’s developing fixation on accepting photos as an edgy endeavor to make time stop: â€Å"Photo after photograph, as though he could stop time or make a picture incredible nough to darken the second when he turned and gave his little girl to Caroline Gill†. Life may likewise feel all things considered out of their control with there being a consistent atmosphere of vulnerability or â€Å"what if† quality. That being stated, the characters at long last will consistently think about what life would have been s imilar to if David had never parted with his little girl, however think that its debilitating to ponder once they are united at long last after the passing of David. As Paul reflects toward the finish of the novel: â€Å"His mother was correct; he would never comprehend what may have occurred. The sum total of what he had were the facts†. Life was additionally appearing to be out of anyone’s control with the battle of the despairing tone through the novel with Norah turning out to be increasingly more discouraged turning into that of a consumer in Paul’s youthful life and afterward being so discontent with her marriage with David for him being removed to such an extent that she takes part in an extramarital entanglements with a man while she is out traveling to Aruba with her activity. Indeed, even with the tone the creator appears to have it progress in a fast manner similarly as the years fly by in the story line. Life is unavoidable, individuals commit errors, and the mix-ups individuals have extraordinary effect and impact them, however the individuals around them; similarly as David Henry’s botch frequented his life and tormented that of his wife’s. In everyday life there are consistently the individuals that commit errors with honest goals. The creators point wasn’t to totally make David the rival in the story yet he was that one individual who’s botch was made with apathetic sincere goals, he needed to save his gushing spouse the torment of bringing up one kid with down disorder, he didn’t need her to believe that it was her issue in at any rate. David simply needed the issue to leave not completely understanding that the issue wasn’t his girl it was him managing his own past. David Henry’s sister kicked the bucket at the youthful age of twelve and she had down condition too, it is extremely tragic that this character couldn’t manage his own past so much that he demolished his present and his future. He knew the agony that his sister having down condition had left on him and her demise that in addition to the fact that he was attempting to save his better half the torment of having a little girl with down disorder however yet the writer was attempting to pass on to the peruser that he additionally did it to shield his child from it too. Norah turns into the character you feel awful for not a hero but rather yet simply that great character who’s life unfurling before her is the aftereffect of choices from everyone around her. She is continually discouraged from speculation she lost her little girl, at that point she is likewise increasing increasingly more everlasting trouble with her significant other not letting her benefit any kind of conclusion with this or even to just come clean with her of his activities and what he had done. The connection among Norah and David becomes further and further separated with him setting himself progressively removed from her over the long haul because of his liable cognizant destroying him. At that point on an upbeat note you have Caroline, she turned as long as she can remember around for the existence decisions of David and that of herself. She raises Phoebe alone from the start continually battling for further developed learning capacities for down disorder, she increases a man in her life named Al who helped her in the earliest reference point get the chance to protect when she had chosen to keep the child yet then her vehicle wont begin in a snowstorm, he turns into her knight in sparkling shield. Al turns into a major character having searched out Caroline after forever and a day of that first experience with her and remains in her life cherishing and thinking about both her and Phoebe, he turns into the dad figure Phoebe never got the opportunity to have. Kim Edwards set up all the correct sort of characters for this plot and in each correct manner to build up the novel. At long last the topics of life being out of our control and the association among affliction and delight are obvious all through the story. Kim Edwards utilized tremendous portrayal that assisted with building up those following topics with having the correct choice of kinds of characters. The plot unquestionably has to do with building up the story, for it connects to the life is out of our control topic having time pass by so quickly showing that life is consistently steady and never halting or stopping like a photo for any person or thing. Photographs speak to recollections throughout everyday life, David got excited with requiring photos with an end goal to make time stop, perhaps catch the memory he had when he settled on the choice to part with his little girl. The allegory of David and his taking pictures integrates with the Title â€Å"the memory keeper’s daughter† for he was the memory attendant, the guardian of the greatest life mystery and falsehood. Kim Edwards made everything integrate with scholarly components of similitude, portrayal, and Plot.

Know Your Credit Score Payment History

Know Your Credit Score Payment History Know Your Credit Score: Payment History Know Your Credit Score: Payment HistoryIn this five-part series, we’re breaking down the five different categories that make up your credit score. Today we’re talking about Payment History.It’s pretty obvious that missing a payment on your credit card isn’t going to be good for your credit. But exactly how “not good” would it be? Just a little not good? Or like super duper not good?Well, as it turns out, missing a payment or making it late could have a pretty big impact on your score. That’s because your payment history is the single largest factor in determining your score.What is your payment history?  â€œYour payment history includes your on-time, late payment and missed or non-payment information,” says attorney Stephen Lesavich, PHD, (@SLesavich), best-selling author of The Plastic Effect.When a lender is assessing your application for a loan or a credit card, it’s very important to them that you make your payments on time.So if you have a history missing your payments or making them late, that sends lenders a signal that you’re likely to default on your loan altogether.How important is your payment history?Your payment history is one of the most important factors in your credit rating. It accounts for 35 percent of your overall credit score, more than any other individual factor.(However, it must be said that your Amounts Owed, which we covered last week, are also very important, accounting for 30 percent of your overall score.)With over a third of your score dependent on you making your payments, it’s safe to say that making your payments late is a bad idea.“Making late payments or missing payments if the quickest way to have your credit score drop significantly,” says LesavichWhat’s included in your payment history?“Payment history typically includes payment information for credit cards, mortgages, loans, retail accounts and lines of credit,” says Lesavich, who also lays out what those different categories include:The loa ns include student loans, auto loans, other loans, etc. that are paid in installments.The retail accounts include credit cards and lines of credit from department stores, etc.The lines of credit include home equity lines of credit and other lines of credit.”Basically, if you’ve borrowed money in any form, it’s payments are going to be reported to the credit bureaus and will factor into your score.With one notable exceptionWhat’s not included in your payment history?Notice that he didn’t include short-term bad credit loans, such as payday loans and title loans. That’s because the vast majority of these lenders do not report your payment information to the credit bureaus.While this means that missing a payment on a payday and title loan might not hurt your score, it also means that making your payments on-time won’t help your score either. Plus, if the lender decides to send your unpaid debt to a debt collection agency, the agency likely will report the debt.“Collectio n account information remains on your credit report for 7 years from the date the first account became past due causing the accounts placement with a collection agency,” says Lesavich.That’s true for all kinds of debts, whether they’re from no credit check loans, personal installment loans, a credit card, etc. If you never pay the debt, and it gets sent to collections, the account will be noted on your score.But since most payday and title loans aren’t reported to the credit bureaus in the first place, they can basically only hurt your credit score. They can’t ever help it.(And if you think that’s the only issue with these predatory short-term loans, think again.)What about payments that aren’t debt-related?Sure, paying down personal loans and credit cards accounts for a lot of the payments you’re making each month. But it’s certainly not all of them.So what about your payments on things like rent and utility bills? Are those reported to the credit bureaus?Accordin g to Lesavich, the answer is mostly no:“Most landlords for renters and service providers such as electric, cable and cell phones providers do not report payments to the credit reporting bureaus.”“However, some landlords and service providers do such reporting.  So it is always wise to check and determine if your landlord or any of your service providers do report payment history.”To learn more about how your credit score your utility payments are related, check out our blog post: How Bad Credit Can Affect Your Utilities.How does your payment history impact in your score?It’s a safe bet that making a payment late will negatively affect your credit score. But there’s no way to tell how bad it will affect it as there a lot of other factors at play.According to Lesavich, the impact of a late payment on your score will depend on:“Your current credit score“Amount of days the payment was late“How much money was owed for the payment“Total number of times you made a late payment“When the late payment occurred with respect to the when the credit score was calculated.”One of the reasons it can be had to determine how much a late payment will affect your credit score is that you actually have multiple scores.Each of the three major credit bureausâ€"Experian, TransUnion, and Equifaxâ€"maintains their own version of your credit report. Your exact score depends on which score is used to create your credit score.And that’s not all. It can depend on which specific formula is used as well.“It is important to note, says Lesavich, “that the credit reporting bureaus, etc. have all developed their own proprietary credit scoring models.  Such proprietary credit scoring models are never fully published or disclosed.”“As a result, any discussion of credit scores is always a best guess estimate. It can be used to predict a reasonable range to approximate your credit score, but your own credit  score may vary with a late payment.”Lesavich does, how ever, offer the following example of how a late payment could affect your score:“A single 30-day late payment typically reduces a person’s credit score by 60-110 points (e.g., ranging from 60-80 points if your credit score is in the 600s, to about 80-110 points if your credit score is in the 700s, etc.).”That’s a lot! But notice that he mentioned a payment that was 30 days late. Generally speaking, most lenders have a “grace period” after a due date is missed before they will report it.So if you’ve missed a payment by a few days, go ahead and make that payment ASAP. It could mean a huge difference to your score.“Late payment or missed payment information will typically remain on your credit report for seven years,” says Lesavich. Read more in our blog post How One Late Payment Can Affect Your Credit.What should you do if you’ve made a late payment?Lesavich has some sage words of advice regarding what to do if you’ve missed a payment:“Everybody can and typical ly does face a life situation (e.g., illness, accident, birth, death, etc.) in which a late payment is made.“If you have not made a late payment in the past, or have done so very infrequently, check with your credit card provider, bank or loan provider and explain your situation.  They may not report the late payment to the credit reporting bureaus.”Remember, a credit score is dynamic. It can change, and it frequently does change as life circumstances change. If you make a late payment or miss a payment and it lowers your credit score, do not get discouraged.Instead, view the situation from an empowered position, which gives you an opportunity to take control and initiate change.”“Then, make a plan with action steps you can accomplish to change to your credit card purchasing and debt management practices by making all your payments on-time and not make any late payment or miss any payments.”We couldn’t agree more. Check back with Know Your Credit Score next week when we ’ll be writing about your Credit Mix!Check out the rest of our Know Your Credit Score blog series:Credit ScoresPayment HistoryAmounts OwedLength of Credit HistoryTypes of Credit UsedRecent Credit InquiriesWhat kinds of questions do you have about your credit score?  We want to hear from you! You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedINContributorsStephen Lesavich, PhD, JD,  (@SLesavich) is an attorney, credit card expert, award-winning and best-selling author of  â€œThe Plastic Effect: How Urban Legends Influence the Use and Misuse of Credit Cards”.

The Perception of Listening Essay - 1756 Words

The Perception of Listening Listen up! Are you really listening? What is Listening and why is it important? This paper will address the viewpoint of listening skills and its outcome. Listening is an essential tool, which is one of the constructive aspects in the communication process, for communicating with other people. To listen well is a talent that is learned. However, for people to listen effectively, they would need to practice to obtain the skill. †As with any new skill, learning to listen takes effort, attention, and practice† (Stewart, 2006, p. 202).Listening skills allow people to make sense of and understand what another person is saying. In other words, listening skills allow you to identify with the meaning of what people†¦show more content†¦Although developing listening skills is a matter of choice, it is imperative everyone accomplish effective listening habits to avoid misunderstanding in all relationships. How to Listen The first aspect of listening is to learn how to listen effectively. In today’s society, communicating appropriately has everything to do with listening. Learning to be a good listener will help improve all relationships both professionally and personally. If people do not know how to listen well, they can easily be distracted and their mind will start to wander. Since listening plays an essential role in the communication process, developing listening skills are important because they will help interpret what the speaker is saying during feedback. In other words, the listener should be able to respond to what the speaker talked about for clarification purposes. Accordingly, becoming a better listener, and depending on the situation, there are three types of listening strategies that would be beneficial to ensure effective communication with other people. Hybels and Weaver (2007) states that â€Å"active listening, critical listening, and empathic listening are three different tactics that can be used in diverse situations† (p. 92).For instance, critical listeners’ focal point is to listen with determination and an open mind. They need to recognize and expect to learn something new from the speaker and ask questions about their viewpoints. AShow MoreRelatedThe Perception of Listening1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe Perception of Listening Listen up! Are you really listening? What is listening and why is it important? This paper will address the viewpoint of listening skills and its outcome. Listening is an essential tool, which is one of the constructive aspects in the communication process, for communicating with other people. To listen well is a talent that is learned. 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Book Review about The Viewpoints Book A Practical Guide to Viewpoints and Composition

Historical Background and Overview of the Book The term Viewpoints as used in theater arts refers to a set of terminologies given to some specific principles of motion/movement through time and space; they simply describe what happens on the stage. The viewpoints can also be defined as an improvisation technique that emanated from the postmodern world of dance. The technique was developed in the 1970s by choreographer Mary Overili by breaking down space and time. Composition on the other hand is the art of selecting and arranging the individual components of theatre language into a combined work of art. Directors Anne Bogart and Tina Landau expanded and adapted Overilie’s viewpoints for actors to work spontaneously and instinctively generating a bold theatrical art. Mary Overilie influenced Anne Bogart during their collaboration at the New York University in the late 1970s and early 1980s. While Overlie’s six viewpoints (space, time, story, movement, emotion and space) are viewed as a logical way of examining and an alyzing movement (as in dance), Bogart’s view points are considered practical steps in uniting the stage and actors. The Viewpoint Book: A Practical Guide to viewpoints and composition, authored by Anne Bogart and Tina Landau, identifies and explains the viewpoints as those associated with time (tempo, duration, kinesthetic response and repetition) and those associated to space namely (shape, architecture, spatial relationship and topography). In this book Bogart and Tina introduced the vocal view points which are pitch, timbre and dynamic. They explain the basics of viewpoints training giving specific methods and examples of using the viewpoints in rehearsal and actual production. While to Overlie the viewpoints merely represented a physical technique in Borgart’s and Tina’s book they are also an aesthetic and spiritual aspect of theatrical work. It is also worth noting that while according to Overlie the story always takes permanence over the other elements according to Bogart and Tina the viewpoints are not ordered but are simply equal in importance. Bogart refers to her work at th e SITI Company while Tina refers to her work at the Steppenwolf Theater Company. Description of Bogart’s and Tina’s viewpoints Bogart’s and Tina’s view points as described in their book are those that relate to time and space. While the story, emotion and movement are part of the original Overlie’s viewpoints Bogart and Tina did not give them attention instead choosing to add vocal viewpoints to the viewpoints of time and space. Suffice to say that space limitation can only allow a brief description of the said viewpoints in this paper without going into the detailed example of how they are employed in theater. Bogart developed the viewpoint movement as an integral part of her work as a theater director to prepare actors to become â€Å"creators† to create a common feel, collaborative vocabulary and encourage spontaneity. The viewpoints, particularly the viewpoint improvisation enhance the actors’ sense of compositional choice giving them the ultimate freedom so that they are not merely puppets of the director. Therefore in Bogart’s and Tina’s book the viewpoi nt improvisation is not merely a technique but a philosophical approach to motion on the stage and organizing movement on the stage. Their viewpoints primarily encompassed Spatial relationship, Architecture, Shape, Repetition, Kinesthetic response, Gesture and Tempo (Bogart and Landau 6). These are the viewpoints described here below. Bogart’s and Tina’s practical guide to viewpoint and composition describes Spatial Relationship as the distance between objects on the stage. It could be the distance between an actor and another, between groups or between actors and architecture. Proper use of spatial relationship therefore creates a dynamic stage picture where movement of a small group causes the rest of the group to move thus maintain a strong spatia (Bogart and Landau 11). Architecture has to do with the physical environment of the stage which includes permanent and non-permanent features. More specifically it is the actor’s use of or relationship to architecture. According to Bogart this viewpoint is probably the hardest to work with as it demands that the actor views and uses the architecture as a partner in the art. This basically means that the actor has to explore the room making the walls, the windows, the trees, the floor and many other physical components his/her set (Bogart and Landau 52). The actor has to let these physical components speak to him/her and such an actor who not only works with other actors but with their physical environment expresses a deep character.   Architecture, spatial relationship and topography (movement along the landscape- which is not elaborately described in the book) are the space related viewpoints. Kinesthetic response is the spontaneous reaction to an external stimuli or motion. In theater it is the actor’s response in moment to what is occurring in the room, the timing of movement (Bogart and Landau 8). The book gives an example of how an actor suddenly running across the floor would initiate a lot subconscious activity on the floor. Although all the viewpoints are important Bogart recons that this may probably the most important view point. The book implores actors to be sensitive to the potential flow of timing and to be aware that sudden motions, sounds and even shapes could be useful in initiating a spontaneous and immediate reaction. Repetition is repeating of movements, shapes or even sounds either by an individual actor or in relationship to other actors (Bogart and Landau 9). For example an actor may repeat a gesture again and again or an actor may do a certain gesture which is then repeated by the group. The book suggests that repetition is the most important viewpoint for building mise en scene and that repetition builds the character’s depth. Tempo has to do with the speed or the pace of occurrences on the stage (Bogart and Landau 38). It was previously considered part of kinesthetic response but Bogart and Tina started treating them separately. Duration refers to the length of time before changing an event on the stage for instance how long an actor or a group maintains a certain tempo, movement, shape, gesture and/ or sound events occur before changing it (Bogart and Landau 41). These three viewpoints are time related viewpoints. Shape refers to contouring body’s outline in space; it has to do with the outline of the body individually or in relation to others or to the physical environment (Bogart and Landau 47). Bogart instructs actor to explore creating sculptures without thinking on how the shape will turn out but focusing on allowing various shapes to be created through them as they enjoy the shapes. While gesture was initially considered part of shape Bogart distinguished the two stating that a gesture has a start point, middle and end while shape gradually takes the actor from one shape to another (Bogart and Landau 51). Bogart considers gesture to be purely cultural and urges actors to embrace the stereotype and to do it whole heartedly so as to make it work. The book also tackles the use of sound describing it as the vocal viewpoints which include timbre, pitch and dynamic (Bogart and Landau 105). The vocal viewpoints are unlike the others it has to do with sound and not movement, the other vie wpoints are thus referred to as the physical viewpoints. Having described each viewpoint Bogart and Tina assert that each actor has choose the viewpoint s/he finds easiest to work with. After a while each actor chooses another viewpoint and works wit it eventually choosing the one s/he found difficult and â€Å"doing it with vengeance†.   Viewpoints improvisation therefore develops the sensitivity of the actor to create composition. Other compositional aspects According to Bogart response is the foundation of the viewpoint improvisation philosophy because improvisation is all about reacting and not initiating action; it is not about making things happen but rather seeing things happen. The actor needs to be aware of the entire room and respond to it. Another important aspect of the viewpoint improvisation is that of discovery. In addition to being a series of responses viewpoint improvisation is a series of discoveries or a journey of making discovery with each stimulus presenting potential for a new discovery (Bogart and Landau 204). The book encourages actors to discover together and work with the ideas in other words share the idea with the audience. The spirit of enjoying discovery appears to be important in the viewpoint improvisation. The book also identifies fast paced movements as having blurring effect on composition thus encourages the actor to employ stillness (avoiding movement) and listen to what is happening in the room(Bogart and Landau 70). The book also encourages actors to use more variation in the composition stating that there should be differentiation (Bogart and Landau 52). Bogart and Tina also emphasizes on the need for clarity and specificity rather than doing general movements (Bogart and Landau 74). Finally Bogart and Tina comment that though stories and emotions are part of the viewpoint they are just â€Å"icing on the cake† stating that their occurrence shouldn’t be a deliberate effort thus should only be enjoyed. Bogart’s and Tina’s book is a guide to the use of the viewpoints- Spatial relationship, shape, architecture, repetition, kinesthetic response, gesture and tempo- in acting to give the actors an awareness that helps them create the structure within which they can work. The book focuses on aspects of formal composition rather than on the narrative. Bogart acknowledges that there are other viewpoints and that she only describes the ones she finds most applicable with the actors she works with. Works Cited Bogart, Anne and Tina Landau. The Viewpoints Book: A Practical Guide To Viewpoints And Composition. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 2005.

The Psychological Effects of Prisons Essay - 1142 Words

The Psychological Effects of Prisons I have visited some of the best and the worst prisons and have never seen signs of coddling, but I have seen the terrible results of the boredom and frustration of empty hours and pointless existence -former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Warren Burger If recent incarceration rates remain unchanged, an estimated 1 out of every 20 persons (5.1%) will serve time in a prison during their lifetime. -U.S. Department of Justice One of the largest problems with the prison issue in America today is that it gets little attention. Unlike education, pollution or gun control people are usually not concerned enough to get involved with the problem until it happens to someone they love or†¦show more content†¦This study represents a parallel to the behavior found in incarcerated humans. Jails cause the same psychological side effects as prisons, to a smaller degree, in the effects of being en-caged, however, the overall standard of living in jails is much higher. There is a decent relationship between the guards and the jailers. The jailers are allowed to interact with the same people on their block between lockdown times. Lock-down is when the jailers are confined to their cells, usually at night and for a short while in the day, during a change of shift. This method allows inmates to play cards, watch TV together and at very least walk around something else besides their cell. The prison system, ho wever, usually remains in lockdown all the time, although they can speak to each other, they usually cant see each other without a mirror. Observing these two methods, and what little problems there are in jails as opposed to prisons leads me to believe that if you treat a human being like a human being they will act like a human being. If you lock them in a cage all day they may as well act like an animal. (Prison Activist Resource Center, 1-3) People sometimes argue this case stating that the offenses committed by jailers are less serious than by prisoners and that prisons are more hostile because they house the more serious offenders. These people forget that jails hold people before they areShow MoreRelatedThe Stanford Prison Experiment : Psychological Effect On Prisoners And Prison Guards1341 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose: The Stanford prison experiment was a study conducted by Professor Phillip Zimbardo about psychological effect on prisoners and prison guards. He conducted the experiment because he wanted to find out whether the brutality of guards in American prisons was due to sadistic personalities of the guards or the behaviors of the guards towards the prisoners had to with prison Environment. The study elicited pathological reactions from many of the participant. 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Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management. Answer: Introduction NZ Supply Ltd is a New Zealand based company which started its journey as a small company but due to their dedication towards their customers, they earned much profit every year and with the profit they started their own venture in 2004. Shortly after doing so, they earned a profit of $2 million from the sale of $10 million appliances which was a great leap for the company. Initially the company worked only in the Northern part of the island but later they expanded their market to the Southern Island too (Chung, 2014). The company lacks in proper information system and promotional strategies. The report discusses about how the business works and what they should do so that they can do much better. Also, the SWOT analysis is performed in order to help them find their strengths and weaknesses. NZ Supply Ltd is one of the biggest distributors of Appliance parts across the country. It was originally started by Tom Mitchell and his wife Sarah who owned a shop in Central Auckland. The company that they started grew gradually and in 2004 using capital for venture earned a good profit every year. From the sale of $10 million, NZ Supply turned $2 million in profit with over 80 retailers in North Island and 20 retailers in South Island. For the central distribution part, they purchased a warehouse in Penrose. Majority of the company operates from in the Northern part of the Island so they decided to expand their business in the Southern part for which they set up their company to Christchurch in South Island (Peteraf, Gamble Thompson Jr, 2014). Initially the South Island is a small distribution center who was responsible for the distribution of products to the retailers. In the year 2011, the company opened a regional office in a small warehouse that they purchased in Christchurc h which was mainly used for central distribution and retailing where they received products in bulk amount (Trinkunas, Rusinaite Vasilecas, 2015). The main objective was to provide delivery services to all the customers three times more. Packaged products were dispatched from Auckland and Christchurch after they received any confirmation phone calls or email from the retailers. The company had a total of six cars and four vans on the road for six days a week for the Northern part of the Island and two cars and a large van for local deliveries around Christchurch (Sawang, Parker Hine, 2016). Description of NZ Supply Ltd NZ Supply Ltd is a New Zealand based company which is a renowned organization and is the biggest supplier of appliances. The market of NZ Supply Ltd has gradually grown and is recognized worldwide. Initially the company started its company as a small organization after which they used the capital that they earned from the profit each year and opened a chain of their own (Schaper et al., 2014). At the very beginning, the company was recognized in the northern part only but later due to their popularity they went on expanding their market in the Southern part also (Ates et al., 2013). For the transportation purpose, they had a total of six cars and four vans that worked continuously for six days in the Northern part and for the Southern Part, two large cars and a large van were used. The company was organized by a General Manager, Office Manager, Marketing Manager, North Island Distribution Manager, HR Manager and Christchurch Manager and IS Support Technician. Casual laborers were bou ght in the company when there is huge demand for the appliances (Kasemsap, 2015). The only problem that the company faced was the lack of proper information system. The company till date uses the outdated system just for some calculation part and storing data. Strategy Evaluation and Future Prospect of NZ Supply Ltd The company is a well renowned organization in New Zealand and in order to expand its market to greater extent; it needs to work out in some areas where they had greater chance of improving. The very first thing that they need to improve is to advertise their company so that it gets recognized by many MNCs and they get promoted (Jeston Nelis, 2014). The second thing that they need to look after is to improve their information system where they can monitor everything also they can store all their crucial information and store their backup (Al-Mamary et al., 2014). The system that they are using currently is mostly outdated and need to be replaced. The third thing that they can do is that they need to manufacture something more innovative so that they are recognized within their own country (Chung, 2014). In this way they will be one step ahead of their competition and people will look up to them. Improving on these sections can greatly help the company to grow in future. With the advertisement in the social media is perfect as everything is digitalized and news over social media spread like fire. With the promotional techniques they will get recognized more by some MNCs which will help them to grow even more and make a name for themselves (Baltzan Phillips, 2016). With the installation of new and improved information system they can easily evaluate the market and get to know more about the market and also about their own company. With the help of information system, they can also perform all their work more effectively and there will be no need to enter any data manually. Better decision making is also possible with the help of new and improved information system (Al-Mamary et al., 2014). Also producing something out of the blue will definitely help them to gain reorganization in the global market and help them to make tie ups with many new companies. The company was started by John Mitchell and his wife and gradually it went to become one of the biggest suppliers of appliances and also got reorganization in its own country. The company earned profit every year from which they started their own venture in the year 2004 and expanded their market when they bought a warehouse in Penrose, Auckland. Initially Penrose was the main distribution center and later the company saw that they need to expand their market to the southern part also so they bought a warehouse in Christchurch where all the major retail operations were done. The main objective of the company was to connect with as many people as they can so that they get that much reorganization that they can expand globally. But due to the lack of proper information system and promotional strategies, they were still lacking. Conclusion NZ Supply Ltd did whatever they could in order to grab the market but still there were some shortcomings that were never fully met. In order to be the best, they need to rectify all those shortcomings by installing proper information system and get rid of those outdated system. With the help of proper information system, better decisions can be made which will help the company to grow more and more. Also the promotional; strategies should be applied properly and they should make sure that it reach out to maximum of people. References Al-Mamary, Y. H., Shamsuddin, A., Abdul Hamid, N. A. (2014). The role of different types of information systems in business organizations: a review.International Journal of Research (IJR),1(7). Ates, A., Garengo, P., Cocca, P., Bititci, U. (2013). The development of SME managerial practice for effective performance management.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,20(1), 28-54. Baltzan, P., Phillips, A. (2016).Business driven information systems. McGraw Hill Education. Chung, S. (2014). Improving the Business Value of IS. InApproaches and Processes for Managing the Economics of Information Systems(pp. 67-81). IGI Global. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014).Business process management. Routledge. Kasemsap, K. (2015). The role of information system within enterprise architecture and their impact on business performance.Technology, innovation, and enterprise transformation, 262-284. Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Thompson Jr, A. (2014).Essentials of strategic management: The quest for competitive advantage. McGraw-Hill Education. Sawang, S., Parker, R., Hine, D. (2016). How Small Business Advisory Program Delivery Methods (Collective Learning, Tailored, and Practice?Based Approaches) Affect Learning and Innovation.Journal of Small Business Management,54(1), 244-261. Schaper, M. T., Volery, T., Weber, P. C., Gibson, B. (2014). Entrepreneurship and small business. Trinkunas, J., Rusinaite, T., Vasilecas, O. (2015). Research on Improving Dynamic Business Procesess in HIS.